This CHEMISTRY Lesson Note was pulled from our book (Lesson Note on CHEMISTRY for SS1 MS-WORD); Compiled to serve as reference material to help teachers draw out their lesson plan easier, saving you valuable time to focus on the core job of teaching.
This Chemistry Lesson Note CoversThe Following Topics
- INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY
- NATURE OF MATTER
- ELEMENTS
- ELEMENTS (II)
- PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER
- THE RELATIVE ATOMIC MASSES OF ELEMENTS
- COMPOUNDS
- IUPAC NOMENCLATURE OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
- MIXTURE
- MOLE CONCEPT
- MOLE CONCEPT IN TERMS OF MASSES NUMBERS, VOLUMES OF REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS
- WRITING AND BALANCING OF CHEMICAL EQUATION
- LAW OF CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS
- CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS OR BONDING
- GAS LAWS
- AIR
- ACIDS
- BASES AND ALKALIS
- SALTS
- ALKALINITY AND ACIDITY
- CARBON
- OXIDES OF CARBON
- TRIOXOCARBONATES
- HYDROCARBONS
- CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
Sample note
Week 1
Topic: Acids
Acids have long been associated with sour taste of some fruits such as lime and lemon. Their ability to change litmus solution from blue to red is well known. There are two classes of acids – organic and inorganic acids. The former occurs as a natural product in plants and animal while the latter can be prepared from mineral elements or inorganic matter. An organic acid is an organic substance that has the properties of an acid, while inorganic acids, also known as mineral acids, come from inorganic substances. Some examples of inorganic acids include suphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, boric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
Mineral/Inorganic Acids
- They are generally much stronger
- Most do not occur naturally
- They usually have simpler molecules
Examples are:
- Sulphuric Acid
- Nitric Acid
- Hydrochloric Acid
- Phosphoric Acid
- Carbonic Acid
Organic Acids
- They naturally occur
- They are found in vegetables, fruit and other foodstuffs
- They are usually weaker and less corrosive
Examples are:
- Ethanoic Acid
- Citric Acid
- Lactic Acid
- Tartaric Acid
- Acetic Acid
| ORGANIC ACID | SOURCE |
| Ethanoic acid | Vinegar |
| Lactic acid | Milk |
| Citric acid | Lime, lemon |
| Amino acids | Protein |
| Fatty acids | Fats and Oils |
| Ascorbic acid | Oranges |
| INORGANIC ACIDS | SOURCE |
| Hydrochloric acid HCl | Hydrogen and Chlorine |
| Tetraoxosulphate(vi) acid H2SO4 | Hydrogen, Sulphur and Oxygen |
| Trioxonitrate(v) acid HNO3 | Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen |
What is the difference between Organic and Inorganic Acids?
¤ Organic acids contain carbon, and inorganic acids don’t contain carbon.
¤ Generally organic acids are weaker acids than inorganic acids.
¤ Most of the organic acids are insoluble in water (sometimes miscible with water), but soluble in organic solvents. But inorganic acids are generally well soluble in water and non soluble in organic solvents.
¤ Organic acids have a biological origin, whereas inorganic acids haven’t. Inorganic acids are derived from inorganic compounds/mineral sources.
¤ Mineral acids are highly reactive with metals, and they have corrosive ability than the organic acids.
Assessment
Mention the sources of the following Organic acids
- Lactic acid
- Ascorbic acid
- Fatty acids
- Amino acid
Differentiate the following acids into Organic and Inorganic acids
- Acetic acid
- Citric acid
- Sulphuric acid
- Benzoic acid
- Nitrous acid
- Phosphoric acid
- Taurine
- Uric acid
- Tartaric acid
- Chromic acid
- Phenol
- Cinnamic acid
- Fumaric acid
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